【汇总】华为路由交换由浅入深系列
掌握目标
一、实验拓扑如下：
二、以太网交换机的基本操作
[S1]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9 ====华为交换机默认为自动协商与双工模式
GigabitEthernet0/0/9 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/9 Interface
Switch Port,PVID : 1,The Maximum Frame Length is 1600
IP Sending Frames’ Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0018-82e1-aea6
Port Mode: COMMON COPPER
Speed : 1000, Loopback: NONE
Duplex: FULL, Negotiation: ENABLE
Mdi : AUTO
Last 300 seconds input rate 752 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 720 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Input peak rate 1057259144 bits/sec,Record time: 2008-10-01 00:08:58
Output peak rate 1057267232 bits/sec,Record time: 2008-10-01 00:08:58
Input: 11655141 packets, 960068100 bytes
Unicast : 70,Multicast : 5011357
Broadcast : 6643714,Jumbo : 0
CRC : 0,Giants : 0
Jabbers : 0,Throttles : 0
Runts : 0,DropEvents : 0
Alignments : 0,Symbols : 0
Ignoreds : 0,Frames : 0
Discard : 69,Total Error : 0
Output: 11652169 packets, 959869843 bytes
Unicast : 345,Multicast : 5009016
Broadcast : 6642808,Jumbo : 0
Collisions : 0,Deferreds : 0
Late Collisions: 0,ExcessiveCollisions: 0
Buffers Purged : 0
Discard : 5,Total Error : 0
Input bandwidth utilization threshold : 100.00%
Output bandwidth utilization threshold: 100.00%
[S1]int g0/0/9
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]duplex full
Error: Please undo negotiation auto first
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo negotiation auto ===更改速率与双工必须先关闭自动协商
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]speed 100
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]duplex full
[S1]int g0/0/10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo negotiation auto
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]speed 100
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]duplex full
[S2]int g0/0/9
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo negotiation auto
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]speed 100
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]duplex full
[S2]int g0/0/10
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo negotiation auto
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]speed 100
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]duplex full
[S1]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
GigabitEthernet0/0/9 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/9 Interface
Switch Port,PVID : 1,The Maximum Frame Length is 1600
IP Sending Frames’ Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0018-82e1-aea6
Port Mode: COMMON COPPER
Speed : 100, Loopback: NONE
Duplex: FULL, Negotiation: DISABLE
Mdi : AUTO
……output omit……
[S1]display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
GigabitEthernet0/0/10 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/10 Interface
Switch Port,PVID : 1,The Maximum Frame Length is 1600
IP Sending Frames’ Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0018-82e1-aea6
Port Mode: COMMON COPPER
Speed : 100, Loopback: NONE
三、配置手动链路聚合
[S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1 ====创建Eth-Trunk，Eth-Trunk本地有效
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]quit
[S1]int g0/0/9
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1 ====接口加入Eth-Trunk
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
May 16 2014 16:30:25-08:00 S1 %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface Eth-Trunk1 has turned into UP state
[S1]int g0/0/10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
[S2]interface Eth-Trunk 1
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]quit
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
[S1]display interface Eth 1 ====查看eth-truk信息
Eth-Trunk1 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Description:
Switch Port, PVID : 1, Hash arithmetic : According to SIP-XOR-DIP,Maximal BW: 4294967.29G, Current BW: 4294967.29G, The Maximum Frame Length is 9216
IP Sending Frames’ Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 4c1f-cc99-5548
Current system time: 2014-05-16 16:35:52-08:00
Input bandwidth utilization : 0%
Output bandwidth utilization : 0%
—————————————————–
PortName Status Weight
—————————————————–
GigabitEthernet0/0/9 UP 1
GigabitEthernet0/0/10 UP 1
—————————————————–
The Number of Ports in Trunk : 2
The Number of UP Ports in Trunk : 2
一、STP实验拓扑
二、STP配置及验证
[S2]display stp brief ====查看STP状态
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 DESI FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 DESI FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/13 DESI FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/15 DESI FORWARDING NONE
如果没开启可以使用以下命令开启：
[S1]stp mode stp
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[S1]stp root secondary
[S2]stp mode stp
[S2]stp root primary
display stp interface g0/0/9 ====查看STP接口状态
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc1f-026d / 2
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.16
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Secondary root
TC or TCN received :246
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:37s
Number of TC :25
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/14
—-[Port27(GigabitEthernet0/0/9)][DISCARDING]—-
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Alternate Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=200000
Designated Bridge/Port :0.4c1f-cc1f-026d / 128.26
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0
TC or TCN send :13
TC or TCN received :20
BPDU Sent :30
TCN: 1, Config: 29, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :68
TCN: 0, Config: 68, RST: 0, MST: 0
三、根桥的选举及验证
[S2]display stp ====查看当前根桥信息
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :0 .4c1f-cc1f-026d
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc1f-026d / 0 =====CIST Bridge与CIST Root/ERPC相同即为根桥
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :0 .4c1f-cc1f-026d / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Primary root
TC or TCN received :134
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:7m:57s
Number of TC :25
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/13
—-[Port2(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][DOWN]—-
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Disabled Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=200000000
Designated Bridge/Port :0.4c1f-cc1f-026d / 128.2
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=false
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
display stp
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc1f-026d / 2 ====S2的CIST ROOT/ERPC
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.16
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Secondary root
TC or TCN received :246
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:16m:1s
[S1]undo stp root
[S1]stp priority 4096 ===修改桥优先级，越小越高
[S2]undo stp root
[S2]stp priority 8192
[S1]display stp
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :247
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:1m:49s
Number of TC :29
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/10
—-[Port3(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)][DOWN]—-
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Disabled Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=200000000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc99-5548 / 128.3
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=false
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
[S2]display stp
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc1f-026d
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 2
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc1f-026d / 0
=================关闭9-10接口后==================
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9
shutdown
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
shutdown
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13
shutdown
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/14
shutdown
====================S2成为根桥==================
[S2]display stp
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc1f-026d
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :8192 .4c1f-cc1f-026d / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc1f-026d / 0
=================恢复9-10接口后==================
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/9
undo shutdown
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
undo shutdown
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/13
undo shutdown
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/14
undo shutdown
=================S1重新选举成为根桥===============
[S1]display stp
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
四、根端口选举控制
[S2]display stp brief ===== G0/0/13为根端口，G0/0/9为替代端口
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/13 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/15 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
[S1]interface g0/0/9
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp port priority 32 ====更改端口优先级，默认为128，数值越大越优
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]int g0/0/13
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]stp port priority 16
display stp int g0/0/9
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :249
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:28m:29s
Number of TC :35
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/14
—-[Port27(GigabitEthernet0/0/9)][FORWARDING]—-
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Designated Port
Port Priority :32
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=200000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc99-5548 / 32.27
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 20
TC or TCN send :17
TC or TCN received :0
BPDU Sent :811
TCN: 0, Config: 811, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :1
TCN: 0, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0
display stp int g0/0/10
——-[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]——-
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc99-5548 / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :249
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:29m:37s
Number of TC :35
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/14
—-[Port28(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][FORWARDING]—-
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Designated Port
Port Priority :16
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=200000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc99-5548 / 16.28
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 20
TC or TCN send :17
TC or TCN received :0
BPDU Sent :837
TCN: 0, Config: 837, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :0
TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 0
五、边缘端口配置
[S3-Ethernet0/0/13]stp edged-port enable ====无需经历STP计算，快速进入转发状态，主要针对于接服务器或主机端口
[S3]display st bri
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 Ethernet0/0/13 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
一、vlan配置拓扑
二、配置Eth-trunk
[S1]interface Eth-Trunk 1
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]quit
[S1]int g0/0/9
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1
[S1]int g0/0/10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk ====启用trunk,默认接口为Hybird
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all ====该trunk链路上允许所有VLAN，默认禁用所有VLAN穿越
[S2]interface Eth-Trunk 1
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport g0/0/9
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport g0/0/10
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all
三、配置VLAN
[S1]interface g0/0/13
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port link-type access =====定义接口类型为访问接口
[S1]interface g0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S1]vlan 3 ====创建VLAN
[S1-vlan3]port g0/0/13 ====接口划入VLAN
[S1-vlan3]vlan 4
[S1-vlan4]port g0/0/1
[S1]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
——————————————————————————–
U: Up; D: Down; TG: Tagged; UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping; ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan; *: Management-vlan;
——————————————————————————–
VID Type Ports
——————————————————————————–
1 common UT:GE0/0/2(D) GE0/0/3(D) GE0/0/4(D) GE0/0/5(D)
GE0/0/6(D) GE0/0/7(D) GE0/0/8(D) GE0/0/11(D)
GE0/0/12(D) GE0/0/14(D) GE0/0/15(D) GE0/0/16(D)
GE0/0/17(D) GE0/0/18(D) GE0/0/19(D) GE0/0/20(D)
GE0/0/21(D) GE0/0/22(D) GE0/0/23(D) GE0/0/24(D)
Eth-Trunk1(U)
3 common UT:GE0/0/13(U)
TG:Eth-Trunk1(U)
4 common UT:GE0/0/1(U)
TG:Eth-Trunk1(U)
VID Status Property MAC-LRN Statistics Description
——————————————————————————–
1 enable default enable disable VLAN 0001
3 enable default enable disable VLAN 0003
4 enable default enable disable VLAN 0004
[S2]vlan batch 3 to 5 ====连续创建三个VLAN
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment…done.
[S2]int g0/0/3
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 4
[S2]int g0/0/24
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port link-type access
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/24]port default vlan 5
四、配置VLANIF地址
[S3]interface Vlanif 1
[S3-Vlanif1]ip add 10.0.3.3 24
[S3]display ip int brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
MEth0/0/1 unassigned down down
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
Vlanif1 10.0.3.3/24 up up
[S3]
[S4]int Vlanif 1
[S4-Vlanif1]ip add 10.0.5.4 24
[S1]interface Vlanif 3
[S1-Vlanif3]ip add 10.0.3.11 24
[S1]interface Vlanif 4
[S1-Vlanif4]ip add 10.0.4.11 24
[S1]interface Vlanif 5
[S1-Vlanif5]ip add 10.0.5.11 24
[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.4.1 24
[R2]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.4.2 24
测试：
[S1]ping 10.0.3.3
PING 10.0.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 10.0.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms
[S1]ping 10.0.5.4
PING 10.0.5.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=110 ms
Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=60 ms
Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=60 ms
Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=60 ms
Reply from 10.0.5.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms
— 10.0.5.4 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/66/110 ms
[R2]ping 10.0.4.1
PING 10.0.4.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=6 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=2 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=2 ms
— 10.0.4.1 ping statistics —
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received a
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/6 ms
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